Assis Chateaubriand wanted to increase his media conglomerate Associated Newspapers , and therefore decided to bring television to Brazil . As at the time the equipment was not produced in the country , all the equipment had to be brought from the United States .
Among its employees , fetched all the equipment arrived by ship at the port of Santos on March 25, 1950 , on the coast of the state of São Paulo . The devices were all ordered the Radio Corporation of America ( RCA ) . Before that , he had held a preview with a presentation by Fr José Mojica , a priest Mexican singer . Images generated not passed the lobby of the building of its Associated Newspapers , which owned some television sets .
On September 10 , it held a televised Tupi still in its experimental phase . The content displayed was a movie where the former Brazilian president Getúlio Vargas reported his return to political life .
Then , on 18 September 1950.1 Assisi realizes his dream : airs officially Tupi TV channel 3 in São Paulo , PRF - 3 TV . The television transmitter purchased the RCA was placed on top of the building of the State Bank of St. Paul . Images are generated from a studio located in 7 April in the city center . A famous phrase is said by a young child of 5 years old , " is in the air television in Brazil ." The logo of the channel was a little Indian , and the girl was dressed in character .
At the time the program was completely improvised and generated live . The unexpected occurred frequently , only the opening of a camera channel imported blew a few hours before going on air , and the whole program was done with only one camera . As there was still flat in São Paulo nor elsewhere in the country , spread Chateaubriand 200 devices in places " strategic " city of São Paulo .
Hebe Camargo , a pioneer in Brazilian television .It is said that these devices are imported , they could not arrive in the country on the first transmission by customs problems . Knowing this , Chateaubriand used his influence , which affected many areas , and anticipated the arrival of these devices .
The first program created especially for television TV was in Taba , whose presentation was handled by Homero Silva . Besides him , Lima Duarte , Hebe Camargo , Mazzaropi Ciccilo , ballet Leah Aguiar , Vadeco , Ivon Cury , Wilma Bentivegna , Aurelio Campos , the player Baltazar , the orchestra and the poet George Henri Rosalina Coelho Lisboa also participated .
The TV Tupi was also the first to produce and propagate one newscast in Brazil . Pictures of the Day aired on September 19, no fixed schedule , usually airing at 21:30 or 22:00 . The subjects were filmed with 16 mm film and often had to be revealed and flown to Sao Paulo or Rio de Janeiro , often arriving in the nick of time .
The television was still sitting there with very significant because all televisions had to be imported . Yet Chateaubriand managed to sell a year of advertising space for some companies .
The first teleteatro debut in November of that year. Life by a Thread ( based on U.S. Sorry, Wrong Number) was a crime drama with Lima Duarte , Lia de Aguiar , Walter Forster , Dionisio Azevedo and Yara Lins , telling the story of a woman strangled by her husband with a wire phone.
On November 22, government grants come into existence . Won the first concessions TV Tupi , TV Record , channel 7 of São Paulo and Jornal do Commercio TV , channel 2 of Recife .
In January 1951, is inaugurated by Assis Chateaubriand TV Tupi in Rio de Janeiro ( channel 6 ) , the second TV channel in the country . The two channels operated independently of one another , because at the time there was no satellite transmission towers or videotape , and the programming of each channel streamed live .
Other channels were pioneers of the 1950s :TV Paulista , São Paulo channel 5 , which opened in March 1952 ;Record TV , channel 7, Sao Paulo , opened in September 1953 ;
With the opening of these channels , São Paulo started in late 1953 has three channels , and Rio de Janeiro a channel (TV Tupi ) .
Gradually , the group inaugurated Associated Newspapers of other TV stations across the country. In 1955 was inaugurated the Itacolumi TV , channel 4 of Belo Horizonte . In 1959 appeared the first television station in Rio Grande do Sul : Piratini TV , Channel 5 in Porto Alegre . These and other stations of the group owned by Assis Chateaubriand , opened in the following years , form the Tupi Television Network in the 1970s .
1960 [ edit]
Headquarters of Rede Globo in São Paulo , the second largest television network in the planeta.2 3The 1960s were a period of innovation in TV , in a time of changes in customs with the sexual revolution , student riots ( May 1968 ) , and the conquest of the Moon
With the technical development of the stations , the videotape finally comes to Brazilian issuers in 1960 , brought by comedian Chico Anysio , allowing live bugs were fixed previously , a program could be written in a different time zone from your view , and still the same program could be replayed several times.
The videotape ( VT ) led the inauguration of the country over 27 new stations , with 80 % of the programming exhibiting at VT productions held in the Rio- São Paulo .
The first satellite television broadcasts in Brazil occurred in 1965 . That same year , on April 26 , entered the air TV Globo of Rio de Janeiro , which later form the Rede Globo . In 1967, TV Bandeirantes de São Paulo began its transmissions .
Surge in 1960 the TV Excelsior São Paulo , which would revolutionize the standards then existing . The station introduced a programming philosophy aimed at industrialization of their television products and enhancement of the professional. The main focus was the production of telenovelas .
Facade current Record Theater in São Paulo .
Silvio Santos .TV Cultura was opened in September 1960 , by Associated Newspapers .
In 1963 , the TV Excelsior nationalized primetime programming , hitherto dominated by foreign serials . The schedule was busy with the daily soap " 2-5499 Busy" , produced by Excelsior own . The station was also the pioneer in implementing the country 's transmission network , ie , simultaneously to several cities.4
In the 1960s , the TV Tupi scored big with some novels , among them the Cuban drama " The Right to be Born " , which broke records for audience.
In 1968 , the novel " Beto Rockfeller " Braulio Pedroso and Cassiano Gabus Mendes , aired by TV Tupi , innovated narrative structure , presenting the figure of the " anti - hero " . From there , the novels began to address issues urban, suburban or regional that could have national acceptance .
In parallel , a space opened up on TV Tupi for experimental projects , through programs like Móbile , Power and Young Collage , who sought to find the real meaning of the artistic language of television .
The program " Family Rag " , one of the most famous sitcoms on TV Record , was broadcast live from the Record Theater in São Paulo , with the presence of the public and two hours long . This format of the program " Family Rag " was the inspiration for the later program "Get Low " , Globo , in 1990 .
Color TV in Brazil begins in 1962 , when the TV Excelsior São Paulo System NTSC transmits the program Moacyr Franco Show. In 1963 the TV Tupi in São Paulo also experiencing transmission in color and starts transmitting the show Bonanza on Saturday nights , also in NTSC . But the system did not work because all the receivers were imported and colorful costing dearly . TV broadcasts in color , in Brazil , only nine years after start effectively .
In 1969 , TV Cultura is sold to the Fundação Padre Anchieta , being refounded on June 15 , as a public broadcaster .
1970 [ edit]
The 1970 World Cup in Mexico , arrived in Brazil in color experimental broadcast stations for Embratel , which relayed to the rare possessors of color television in Brazil . Embratel guests gathered at its headquarters in Rio de Janeiro , São Paulo ( in Italy Building ) and Brasília . The signal received in NTSC ( American standard ) , was converted to PAL -M and received by TV sets installed in the three cities . Few were able to watch the games in color. Globo TV was at the time only one TV set cores.5
In October 1970 , steeped in debt , the TV Excelsior encerrava activities . In 1975 appeared the Educational TV ( TVE ) , headquartered in Rio de Janeiro .
In 1971 the government passed a law determining the court granting the stations do not transmit a minimum percentage of programs in color. The official system became the PAL -M , which was a mixture of the standard M System NTSC and European PAL color system . The goal was to create a fully national industry , with its own system .
In 1972 , with the regulation of PAL -M Brazil , officially occurred first broadcast in color in Brazil , from Caxias do Sul , RS , at the Grape Festival , on February 19 . On March 31 of that year , inaugurated officially color television in Brazil .
To increase sales of colored receivers Factory Colorado sponsored reruns of football games every afternoon on TV Bandeirantes and Gazeta . In 1973, TV Globo aired the first color television soap opera in Brazil: The Beloved . With the World Cup 1974 , the sale of receivers colorful definitely put Brazil into the world of color TV .
Forming national networks that reached much of Brazil , TV Globo and TV Tupi led the audience in the most squares . Successive administrative and financial crises experienced by TV Tupi throughout the 1970s led to Rede Globo to assume a hegemonic position in the TV market Brazilian framework that would last until the late 1980s.
With high technical standard , showing broad popular appeal of soap operas , news programs such as National Journal , Fantastic and Globo Reporter , plus movies and foreign and domestic , Globo became sui generis case in the history of the television world , to transform in primary or sole source of information and entertainment for millions of Brazilians , forming opinions , creating costumes and setting trends . The power of influence Globo Brazilian public opinion is , even today , criticized by sectors most intellectual society .
1980 [ edit]
Headquarters of Brazilian Television System ( SBT ) in Osasco , São Paulo .In July 1980 , the government declared peremptas concessions seven stations Tupi Network , including the heads of the network in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro , causing the end of more traditional TV station in the country . Entrepreneurs Silvio Santos and Adolpho Bloch won concessions from the vacant TV channels in order of Tupi TVs and Excelsior after winning public competition , which also participated in groups in April , Capital , and the Journal of Vision Brazil.6
Silvio Santos launched the Brazilian Television System ( SBT ) in 1981 , programming eminently popularesca , whose flagship for several years was the game show presented Sunday by the Silvio Santos . In 1983 came the Headline Network , owned by Bloch , facing public higher education and income .
In 1981 , Globo won the first International Emmy Award in the Popular Arts category , with the special child to Vinicius Child - The Ark of Noé.7 The following year , the station received the award again , this time with special Morte e Vida Severina , based on the work of João Cabral de Melo Neto.8
On July 7, 1983 , during a national strike of workers , TV Bandeirantes had their transmitters sealed for 15 hours. The station had aired news about the strike , which was banned by the government militar.9 In early 1984 , Globo broadcast avoided rallies movement Direct Already, calling for the resumption of direct elections for president. The boycott of Rede Globo , which have been under pressure from the military for not reporting the rallies , 10 11 made part of your audience migrate to other TV news stations . Only from April of that year, under public pressure , the Globe began to serve on national rallies .
The end of military rule and the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution meant the end of press censorship and television programs . Roque Santeiro novel Dias Gomes , whose display had been vetoed by the military government in the 1970s , could finally be presented by Rede Globo in 1985 , becoming one of the biggest phenomena of hearing of its kind in the country .
A survey conducted by the National Federation of Journalists shows that by March 1979 there were 1,483 radio and TV in Brazil . During the government of José Sarney , between 1985 and 1990 , 1,091 grants were distributed to radio and TV , and 257 were in the month prior to the promulgation of the Constitution . Of that total , 165 received 91 MPs , of which 90 % would vote for the presidential term of five years, defended by Sarney , during the National Assembly Constituinte.12 Thus , most new television stations in Brazil would be controlled by regional oligarchies .
Globo was accused of having helped elect the candidate Fernando Collor de Mello in 1989 election , especially by editing manipulated excerpts of the last debate between Collor and his opponent Luis Inacio Lula da Silva . The controversial issue was presented in the National Journal , on the eve of the vote , and at a time when there could be more partisan propaganda in TV.13 14
Also in 1989 , the TV Record in São Paulo , whose actions hitherto belonged to Grupo Silvio Santos Group and Paulo Machado de Carvalho , was sold to entrepreneur -Bishop Macedo .
1990 [ edit]
The dispute between the audience by major television networks sharpened up since 1990 . Although he kept the lead in the indices for most of the decade , the competition faced Globo Network Headline and SBT . Sporadically , the Network Headline came to lead the audience in the biggest squares , with programs like the novel and the Pantanal journalistic Special Document . SBT had already in his crate telenovelas produced in Mexico and programs of popular appeal as humorous Our Square is the journalistic Here and Now program auditorium Domingo Legal .
In that decade was the advent of UHF networks . MTV Brazil debuted in 1990 . In 1994 , the air enters the Women's Network ( Current Record News ) and , in 1995 , the Life Network .
Also during this period , the TV Cultura and TV Record , both based in São Paulo , Paraná plus CNT , went to networking .
With the start of operations of TVA in 1991 , came the first broadcast of cable TV in Brazil . The pay TV sector , dominated by Brazilian groups in April and Globe and the U.S. conglomerate News Corporation , grew shy in his first fifteen years , and would only expand later , driven by sales associate, by the operators , service broadband Internet . 15
The growing economy after the implementation of the Real Plan in 1994 , caused a change in the profile of the viewer of broadcast television in Brazil . The lower classes have greater facility for acquiring television sets , which was reflected in the programming of television stations open . Came to predominate in the schedule of the major television networks , programs , erotic content sensationalist and mild violence . The trivialization of television content has become the subject of criticism from intellectuals , educators and Brazilian authorities .
After successive financial crises , the Network Headline closed its doors in 1999 . In its place came on the air RedeTV ! , Broadcaster and popular slant young entrepreneur Amilcare Dallevo .
2000s [ edit]
President Lula's speech at the commencement ceremony of digital television transmissions in Brazil .The first decade of this century was marked on Brazilian television , the advent of reality shows , among which stood out House of Artists in the SBT , The Edge and Big Brother Brazil , both on Globo , and more The Apprentice and The Finance, both from Rede Record . Already the audience of telenovelas , especially broadcast by Rede Globo , suffered sharp decline . Among other factors , is credited with the crisis in the audience of telenovelas to the growth of pay TV and the Internet residencial.16
Nevertheless, the Brazilian soap operas continued to be a reference in the international arena . Passage to India , written by Gloria Perez and aired by Rede Globo in 2009 , was the first telenovela in Brazil to win the Emmy Award Internacional.17
With the growth of internet , television stations began flipping channels of interaction with the public viewer who gradually migrated to the worldwide web . At the same time that the TV audience is falling open in major urban centers , increase access to sites that deliver videos with television content . Associated with this phenomenon came the success of sitcoms geared towards the younger crowd , as Panic on TV , the CQC and Legendary , which lay hold of interactivity with the Internet .
With large investments and aggressive marketing , Rede Record took the deputy leadership of the TV audience opened in 2007 . However Globo still held in August of that year , triple the audience of Record.18
Digital television started commercial operation in late 2007 . At the same time , Brazil launched the TV , the first public broadcaster launched at the initiative of the federal government .
2010s [ edit]
Globo again won the International Emmy Award in 2011 , the National Journal , and in 2012 with the novel The Astro series and The Woman Invisível.19
The success of the novel Carousel in 2012 , returned to the SBT deputy leadership of the hearing , after tight race with Rede Record. 20 21
The arrival of Digital TV in Brazil [ edit]
Main article : Digital television in Brazil
The TV in Brazil is undergoing a transition to digital transmission , which provides a higher quality picture and sound .
The Brazilian government opted for a modified version of the ISDB -T (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting -Terrestrial ) - Japanese standard , creating the ISDB - TB , digital TV system unique in the world , incompatible with the standard used in Japan in Digital TV Brazil had its official debut at 20:30 on December 2 , 2007 in São Paulo , after about six months of experimental transmissions . The inauguration of the new transmission was transmitted by all broadcasters
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